Adaptive Quadrilateral Distance Relaying Scheme for Fault Impedance Compensation

Abstract

Impedance reach of numerical distance relay is severely affected by Fault Resistance (R_F), Fault Inception Angle (FIA), Fault Type (FT), Fault Location (FL), Power Flow Angle (PFA) and series compensation in transmission line. This paper presents a novel stand alone adaptive distance protection algorithm for detection, classification and location of faults in presence of variable fault resistance. It is based on adaptive slope tracking method to detect and classify the fault in combination with modified Fourier filter algorithm for locating the fault. To realize the effectiveness of the proposed technique, computer simulations are performed in PSCAD using multiple run facility & validation is carried out in MATLAB® considering wide variation in power system disturbances. Due to adaptive setting of quadrilateral characteristics in accordance with variation in fault impedance, the proposed technique is 100% accurate for detection & classification of faults with error in fault location estimation to be within 1%. Moreover, the proposed technique provides significant improvement in operating time and estimation of fault location as compared to existing distance relaying algorithms which are the key attributes of multi functional numerical relay.