Analysis of the Local and Global Forces Acting on the Coil Structure of a Modular Slotless Permanent Magnet Generator
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2019-0002Keywords:
Cogging torque, Coil forces, Modular system, Permanent magnet generator, Slotless designAbstract
This paper investigates the local and global forces acting on the coil structure of a low-speed modular permanent magnet generator for wind energy application. Two different configurations of the coil structure are studied. The first one consists of separately replaceable single-coil modules, whereas the second consists of three-phase coil-module assemblies. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration in terms of vibrations and mechanical robustness. The investigations also provide the load for the mechanical analysis needed in the design of the retaining structure of the generator. The results show that there are strong fluctuations in the radial forces acting on the single-coil structure. The three-phase coil-module assembly reduces the fluctuations of the radial forces, but it results in an increase of the cogging torque, which is not suitable for the slotless design. Namely, the advantage of the slotless design is to reduce the cogging torque. The computed forces are then used in a structural mechanical simulation, the results of which are validated through strain measurements. The validation procedure is carried out on a specially built mock-up as accessing the generator on site is not possible.References
T. Vaimann, A. Kallaste, N. Korn, S. Laurit, A. Belahcen, “Design of slow-speed slotless SmCo permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind applications,” 15th International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering (EPE), IEEE, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 339−342, May 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2014.6839415
X. P. Yang, X. F. Duan, F. Feng, and L. L. Tian, “Low voltage ride-through of directly driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator,” in Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC, 2009, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/APPEEC.2009.4918470
T. Tiirats, O. Pabut, A. Kallaste, H. Herranen, H. Naar, T. Vaimann, “Analysis of Mechanical Vibrations Caused by Eccentricity in a Slow-Speed Slotless Permanent Magnet Generator,” Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference PQ 2014, IEEE, Rakvere, Estonia, June 11–13, 2014, pp. 1−5. https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2014.6866819
A. Zavvos, A. S. McDonald, M. Mueller, D. J. Bang, and H. Polinder, “Structural comparison of permanent magnet direct drive generator topologies for 5MW wind turbines,” IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives - PEMD, pp. 1–6, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0286
K. Alewine and W. Chen, “A review of electrical winding failures in wind turbine generators,” IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 8–13, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2012.6232004
K. Alewine and W. Chen, “A review of electrical winding failures in wind turbine generators,” in 2011 Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), IEEE, 2011, pp. 392–397. https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.2011.5996185
F. Spinato, P. Tavner, G. van Bussel, and E. Koutoulakos, “Reliability of wind turbine subassemblies,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 387, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2008.0060
J. Ribrant and L. M. Bertling, “Survey of failures in wind power systems with focus on Swedish wind power plants during 1997-2005,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 167–173, Mar. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2006.889614
U. Shipurkar, H. Polinder, J. A. Ferreira, “Modularity in wind turbine generator systems — Opportunities and challenges”, 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’16 ECCE Europe), Sept. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695592
E. Spooner, Z. Chen, “A Modular Permanent-Magnet Generator for Variable Speed Wind Turbines”, IEE Int. Conf. on Electrical Machines and Drives EMD, pp. 453–457, 1995.
E. Spooner, A. Williamson, “Modular permanent-magnet wind-turbine generators”, IEEE Industry Applications Conference, pp. 497–502, 1996.
A. Williamson, E. Spooner, L. Thompson, “Large modular PM generators”, IEE Colloquium on New Topologies for Permanent Magnet Machines, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970521
J. Yuan, C.-W. Shi, and J.-X. Shen, “Analysis of cogging torque in surface-mounted permanent magnet machines with segmented stators,” 17th. International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Hangzhou, China, 22–25 Oct. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2014.7013924
G. J. Li, Z. Q. Zhu, “Analytical Modeling of Modular and Unequal Tooth Width Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines” IEEE transactions on magnetics, vol. 51, no. 9, September 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2015.2432735
O. Pabut, M. Eerme, A. Kallaste, T. Vaimann, “Multi-Criteria Design Optimization of Ultra Large Diameter Permanent Magnet Generator” Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 42−48, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.21.3.10278
X. P. Yang, X. F. Duan, F. Feng, and L. L. Tian, “Low voltage ride-through of directly driven wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator,” in Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC, 2009, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/APPEEC.2009.4918470
T. Tiirats, O. Pabut, A. Kallaste, H. Herranen, H. Naar, T. Vaimann, “Analysis of Mechanical Vibrations Caused by Eccentricity in a Slow-Speed Slotless Permanent Magnet Generator,” Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference PQ 2014, IEEE, Rakvere, Estonia, June 11–13, 2014, pp. 1−5. https://doi.org/10.1109/PQ.2014.6866819
A. Zavvos, A. S. McDonald, M. Mueller, D. J. Bang, and H. Polinder, “Structural comparison of permanent magnet direct drive generator topologies for 5MW wind turbines,” IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives - PEMD, pp. 1–6, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0286
K. Alewine and W. Chen, “A review of electrical winding failures in wind turbine generators,” IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 8–13, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2012.6232004
K. Alewine and W. Chen, “A review of electrical winding failures in wind turbine generators,” in 2011 Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), IEEE, 2011, pp. 392–397. https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.2011.5996185
F. Spinato, P. Tavner, G. van Bussel, and E. Koutoulakos, “Reliability of wind turbine subassemblies,” IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 387, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2008.0060
J. Ribrant and L. M. Bertling, “Survey of failures in wind power systems with focus on Swedish wind power plants during 1997-2005,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 167–173, Mar. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2006.889614
U. Shipurkar, H. Polinder, J. A. Ferreira, “Modularity in wind turbine generator systems — Opportunities and challenges”, 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’16 ECCE Europe), Sept. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695592
E. Spooner, Z. Chen, “A Modular Permanent-Magnet Generator for Variable Speed Wind Turbines”, IEE Int. Conf. on Electrical Machines and Drives EMD, pp. 453–457, 1995.
E. Spooner, A. Williamson, “Modular permanent-magnet wind-turbine generators”, IEEE Industry Applications Conference, pp. 497–502, 1996.
A. Williamson, E. Spooner, L. Thompson, “Large modular PM generators”, IEE Colloquium on New Topologies for Permanent Magnet Machines, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970521
J. Yuan, C.-W. Shi, and J.-X. Shen, “Analysis of cogging torque in surface-mounted permanent magnet machines with segmented stators,” 17th. International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Hangzhou, China, 22–25 Oct. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMS.2014.7013924
G. J. Li, Z. Q. Zhu, “Analytical Modeling of Modular and Unequal Tooth Width Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines” IEEE transactions on magnetics, vol. 51, no. 9, September 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2015.2432735
O. Pabut, M. Eerme, A. Kallaste, T. Vaimann, “Multi-Criteria Design Optimization of Ultra Large Diameter Permanent Magnet Generator” Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 42−48, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.21.3.10278
Downloads
Published
2019-09-01
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Ants Kallaste et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Kallaste, A., Vaimann, T., Belahcen, A., Ghahfarokhi, P. S., & Rassõlkin, A. (2019). Analysis of the Local and Global Forces Acting on the Coil Structure of a Modular Slotless Permanent Magnet Generator. Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering, 15(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2019-0002
